Autism and ADHD both have a strong link; they both occur in childhood and persist into adulthood. Autism is a brain disorder in which a child feels nervous, has trouble communicating, and does repetitive movements. ADHD children have difficulty making friends and social interactions.Furthermore, ADHD and Autism are both separate disorders, but both have some common similarities that make them difficult to diagnose.
Let’s know more about ADHD and Autism overlapping symptoms and co-occurrence in this article!
Overlapping symptoms of Autism and ADHD
ADHD and autism are two separate conditions, but they have some overlapping symptoms, which make their diagnoses difficult.
The overlapping symptoms include:
Attention difficulties | ADHD and ASD both have problems with attention and sustaining focus. |
Repetitive behaviors | Individuals with ADHD and ASD engage in repetitive behaviours such as stimming and fidgeting. |
Social communication challenges | ADHD and ASD have problems with communication and social interaction. |
Hyperactivity and impulsivity | ADHD and ASD have trouble with impulse control and restlessness. |
Substance abuse | Both conditions have a higher rate of substance abuse. |
Overview of ADHD and Autism
Autism and ADHD share many overlaps; individuals with ADHD have difficulties in attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. However, individuals with Autism have difficulties in communication and social interactions.
Do ADHD and Autism co-occur?
ADHD and Autism co-occur; this comorbidity occurs because of genetic and neurobiological factors. The significant rate of ADHD and autism traits in children is approximately 30-65%.
While this co-occurrence is very common, we can also sometimes see more ADHD traits in Autism, and sometimes more traits of Autism in ADHD individuals.
However, researchers suggest that this comorbidity can occur because of similar brain functions and genetic overlap.
Understanding the genetics
Genetic overlap
Both ADHD and Autism have high heritability, according to twin studies. ADHD and Autism show 50-70% overlap. This theory confirms that genetics is the reason for the co-occurrence of these two conditions.
Shared Neurobiological overlap:
Researchers find out that ADHD and Autism both have neurobiological overlaps, having problems with brain functioning, inattention, or switching tasks.
What are the overlapping traits in ADHD and Autism?
ADHD and Autism are neurological disorders that affect the processing of the brain, such as cognitive information and sensory input. Both share some overlapping traits these including:
Executive dysfunction
The main feature of ADHD is executive functioning, and its also common in Autism. Individuals with ADHD and ASD have difficulties with organizing, memory, task performance, planning, and shifting attention.
Social challenges
Individuals with ADHD and Autism have difficulties in socialising and communicating, and struggle to fit into society and the system.
ADHD individuals have to struggle with attention and impulsivity. On the other side, Autistic people have to struggle with communication, maintaining eye contact, body language, and social cues.
Although both ADHDers and Autistic individuals are better at conversations about their own interests.
Interseption issues
Interception means the ability to know what is happening in the body, it is referred to as the ‘8th sense’. It is common in individuals with ADHD and ASD, it gives your body signals about hunger, pain, thirst, and emotions.
Time perception
Individuals with ADHD and Autism have challenges with time management, completing tasks, and maintaining social activities. It usually leads to issues with impulsivity and difficulty maintaining a routine.
Sensory differences
People with ADHD and autism have sensory issues, but they impact them differently. ADHD individuals can get distracted by a little sensory input. However, individuals with autism react mainly to small sensory things.
Hyperactivity
Hyperactivity is very common in ADHD and ASD, individuals does stimming and repetitive movements. Although stimming is very common in both disorders, but more prevalent in Autism. Fidgeting in ADHD can also look like stimming in autism.
Emotional Regulation
Individuals with ADHD and ASD have difficulty managing emotions.
Nervous system sensitivity
Both conditions have differences in the brain nervous system; they get emotional and are less flexible, which leads to difficulties in emotional regulation and sensory processing.
Rejection Sensitive Dysphoria (RSA)
RSA is a common symptom in ADHD and ASD; individuals experience extreme emotions after being criticized, failure, or rejection. Due to these emotions, they stop meeting people and communicating.
Shared Psycho-Social Risks
ADHD and Autism share the same brain-circulating traits, they share the same psycho social risks.
Addiction
Individuals with ADHD and Autism are at a high risk of developing substance use disorder, because of emotional dysregulation, social difficulties. Recent research indicates that 25% of adults and 30% of teens who are in treatment for alcoholism already have ADHD compared to the general population.
Do ADHD and ASD occur with other mental health conditions?
There are more chances to develop other mental health conditions along with ADHD and Autism, these include:
OCD
People having Autism and ADHD are more likely to develop OCD. According to recent research, it is because of circuitry differences in the brain. OCD among ADHD is 30%, and 25% of individuals with OCD also have ADHD.
On the other hand, Autistic people have 2x the risk of developing OCD later in life, and people diagnosed with OCD are 4x the risk of developing Autism.
Borderline personality disorder
BPD is very common in individuals with ADHD and autism, if they have experienced childhood traumas. Furthermore, the features are unstable emotions, impulsivity, and difficulties with relationships.
Eating disorder
Individuals with ADHD and autism struggle with eating disorders. The rate of eating disorders in ADHD girls is way higher than neurotypical peers. Many people with autism have eating disorders and are misdiagnosed with anorexia and other eating disorders.
Self-harm
Self-harming behaviours are higher among individuals with ADHD and autism. People struggling with both conditions have difficulties managing their emotions, social interactions, which may increase the risk of self-harm. Although self-harm might be an attempt to regulate sensory emotions and to manage difficult thoughts and emotions.
Victimization
Co-occurring ADHD and ASD increase the chances of bullying victimization. People with these conditions are at a high risk of victimization, such as bullying and violence. Furthermore, social anxiety, such as communication, social interaction, can increase victimization in ADHD and autism.
Shared social identities
Gender and sexual diversity:
Individuals having ADHD and autism share different gender sexualities such as genderqueers, transgenders, and non-hetrosexual individuals in comparison of neurotypical peers.
Sexual orientation:
Autistic people are non-heterosexual than the general population; the ratio of LGB is 2 to 3 times higher among autistics. Heterosexuality is more common in men compared to women. However, individuals with ADHD are non-heterosexual.
Gender diversity:
Genderqueer individuals are more likely to suffer from ADHD and Autism as compared to non-genderqueer people. Recent studies indicate that transgender individuals are 2-6 times more autistic, and genderqueers are 7.59 times more likely to be autistic.ADHD is more than 6.64 times as compared as in the general population.
How to know the exact difference between ADHD and Autism?
It’s difficult to diagnose if an individual has symptoms of both ADHD and Autism.
ADHD | Autism | |
Attention and focus: | Individuals with ADHD struggle to focus and pay attention and get distracted easily. | Autistic people are very focused on the specific things of their interests. |
Social interaction: | ADHD individuals socialize with people and interact because of their impulsivity and difficulty organizing thoughts. | Autistic people have difficulties interacting with people and communicating. |
Social motivation: | ADHD has more social motivation. | Autistic people have low motivation. |
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Final Remarks
ADHD and Autism are both distinct conditions. ADHD is characterized by difficulties in attention and focus, whereas autistic people focus highly on the subject of interest. These conditions co-occur, and genetics play a major role in the development of this condition. Moreover, they have some overlapping traits that make them difficult to diagnose, such as executive functions, social challenges, introspection issues, time perception, and sensory differences. Also, both conditions have psycho social risks, they also occur with other mental health disorders such as OCD, Borderline personality disorder, eating disorders, and self-harm.